Volcanoes spew out hot and dangerous gases, ash, lava, and rocks that are powerfully destructive. With regard to volcanic activity on La Palma, we have wanted to expose in this article the health problems that can derive from volcanic explosions and the measures that the inhabitants must take to reduce the risks of associated pathologies.
It is important to emphasize that when warnings are heeded, the chances of a volcanic eruption producing adverse health effects are very low. However, below we point out the possible effects that may occur and the measures to be taken:
Respiratory effects:
In some eruptions, the ash particles can be so fine that they are breathed deeply into the lungs. With high exposure, even healthy people will experience chest discomfort with increased coughing and irritation. Common short-term symptoms include:
- Irritation and runny nose (runny nose).
- Throat irritation and sore throat, sometimes accompanied by a dry cough.
- People with pre-existing chest complaints can develop severe bronchial symptoms that last a few days beyond exposure to the ash (for example, dry cough, sputum production, wheezing, or shortness of breath).
- Respiratory tract irritation for people with asthma or bronchitis. Common complaints from people with asthma include shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing.
- Breathing becomes uncomfortable.
How can I protect myself from breathing volcanic ash?
While these short-term effects are generally not considered harmful to people without pre-existing respiratory conditions, we recommend that people take steps to minimize their exposure. Inhaling volcanic ash can be a nuisance and discomfort, and may have more serious health consequences for some people. We recommend the use of masks and reducing exposure to volcanic ash as much as possible.
The most effective way to reduce exposure, especially for people with particular susceptibilities (for example, children and infants, the elderly, and those with existing respiratory (lung) or cardiovascular (heart and blood vessel) diseases) is to take shelter somewhere far away. of the eruption, ideally inside a building where it can stay indoors for some time.
It is important to take measures to keep the ashes out of the interior environment of the houses:
- Close doors and windows, whenever possible.
- If possible, seal large gaps and outdoor spaces. For example, with tape and plastic sheeting or rolled towels.
- Try to establish a single entry / exit point for the home.
- Do not use appliances (for example, air conditioners) that draw in air from outside. If the indoor environment is full of ash, the ash should be gently wiped away (for example, using damp cloths).
- Do not use vacuum cleaners, as they can expel fine ashes and return them to the interior space.
Eye symptoms and skin irritation:
Eye irritation is a common health effect, as bits of particles can cause painful scratches to the front of the eye (corneal abrasions) and conjunctivitis. Contact lens wearers should be especially aware of this problem and should not wear them to avoid corneal abrasion. Instead, goggles should be worn. Common symptoms include:
- Corneal abrasions or scrapes
- Acute conjunctivitis or inflammation of the conjunctival sac that surrounds the eyeball due to the presence of ash, causing redness, burning in the eyes and photosensitivity.
- The eyes feel like they have foreign particles in them.
- The eyes become painful, itchy, or are bloodshot.
- Sticky or watery discharge
While not common, volcanic ash can cause skin irritation for some people, especially if the ash is acidic. Symptoms include:
- Irritation and redness of the skin.
- Secondary scratching infections.
In most situations, acting according to a few general principles will reduce the effects of ash and make clean-up operations easier. These principles apply to homes, businesses, and communities. The main recommendation is to avoid exposure to ash as much as possible; use of masks and protective glasses for the eyes. For additional consultations it is always important to consult a specialist to obtain personalized recommendations.
Looking for the best medical specialists? click and make an appointment with the best professionals in any specialty.